Voice Change (Active to Passive)
Md Ershad Alam
Asst Teacher, English
11 July 2020
Voice হচ্ছে ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি যার মাধ্যমে বোঝা যায় যে কোন বাক্যের subject কাজটি করছে/করেছে/করবে নাকি কাজটি subject দ্বারা করা হচ্ছে/হয়েছে/হবে।
Classification of Voice:
There are 2 types of Voice- 1) Active Voice 2) Passive Voice
Active Voice:
যে sentence-এ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে সেই sentence-এ verb-এর active
voice হয়।
Sentence
Structure:
Subject
+ Verb + Object
Example:
I write articles.
Passive voice:
যে sentence-এ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে না বরং object-এর
কাজটি তার দ্বারা করা হয় সেই sentence-এ verb-এর passive voice হয়।
Sentence
Structure:
Object
+ be verb+ verb’s past participle + by+ subject
Example:
o
Articles are written by me.
Voice-কে active থেকে passive করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:
□→Rule 1:
a. Active voice-এর subject passive voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
b. Active voice-এর object passive voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
c. মূল verb-এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং auxiliary verb/ be verb নির্বাচন করা হয় subject এবং tense অনুযায়ী ।
Example:
I write poems. (Active)
Poems are written by me. (Passive)
□→Rule 2:
⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s subject+
am/is/are+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She praises me. (Active)
I am praised by her. (Passive)
I praise her. (Active)
She is praised by me. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ was/were+
Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She praised me. (Active)
I was praised by her. (Passive)
She praised them. (Active)
They were praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall
be/will be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She will praise me. (Active)
I shall be praised by her. (Passive)
She will praise him. (Active)
He will be praised by her. (Passive)
⇒ Continuous
tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive
voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s subject+ am
being/is being/are being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She is praising me. (Active)
I am being praised by her. (Passive)
She is praising him. (Active)
He is being praised by her. (Passive)
She is praising them. (Active)
They are being praised by her. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ was being/
were being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She was praising me. (Active)
I was being praised by her. (Passive)
She was praising them. (Active)
They were being praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall be
being/will be being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She will be praising me. (Active)
I shall be being praised by her. (Passive)
She will be praising them. (Active)
They will be being praised by her. (Passive)
⇒ Perfect
tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive
voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s subject+ has
been/ have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She has praised him. (Active)
He has been praised by her. (Passive)
She has praised me. (Active)
I have been praised by her. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ had been+
Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She had praised me. (Active)
I had been praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall
have been/ will have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
She will have praised me. (Active)
I shall have been praised by her. (Passive)
She will have praised him. (Active)
He will have been praised by her. (Passive)
□→Rule 3:
May/might/can/could/must/ought
to/going to-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
Object’s subject+
may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+
subject’s object
Example:
You must write the poem. (Active)
The poem must be written by you. (Passive)
She may help you. (Active)
You may be helped by her. (Passive)
We ought to obey our parents. (Active)
Our parents ought to be obeyed by us. (Passive)
We are going to organize a party. (Active)
A party is going to be organized by us. (Passive)
□→Rule 4:
Imperative
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a.
Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s
past participle
Example:
Write the article. (Active)
Let the article be written. (Passive)
Prepare the assignment. (Active)
Let the assignment be prepared. (Passive)
b.
“Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let
not + Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle
Example:
Do not write the article. (Active)
Let not the article be written. (Passive)
Do not prepare the assignment. (Active)
Let not the assignment be prepared. (Passive)
c. Sentence “Let” দিয়ে শুরু
হলে এবং এর পর personal
object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-
Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object
Example:
Let me write the article. (Active)
Let the article be written by me. (Passive)
Let him write the letter. (Active)
Let the letter be written by him. (Passive)
d. “Never” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর
ক্ষেত্রে-
Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle
Example:
Never deceive anyone. (Active)
Let not anyone ever be deceived. (Passive)
Never go there. (Active)
Let not there ever be gone. (Passive)
e. Sentence main verb দিয়ে শুরু
হলে এবং এর পর personal
object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-
Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object
Example:
Give me a pencil. (Active)
Let a pencil be given for me. (Passive)
Give me an eraser. (Active)
Let an eraser be given for me. (Passive)
□→Rule 5:
Interrogative
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive
voice-এর structure:
a. Interrogative Sentence-কে Assertive Sentence-এ রূপান্তরিত করা হয়+ পরিবর্তিত Assertive sentence-কে passive form-এ নেয়া হয়+ পরিবর্তিত passive voice-এর auxiliary verb-কে sentence-এর শুরুতে বসান হয়+ Object-এর subject+ ……..+ by+ Subject-এর object+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়)।
Example:
Have you written the article? (Active)
You have written the article. (Assertive)
The article has been written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
Has the article been written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)
Are you writing the article? (Active)
You are writing the article. (Assertive)
The article is being written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
Is the article being written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)
b. “Who” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর
ক্ষেত্রে-
Who-এর পরিবর্তে By whom+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary
verb+ object-এর subject+ কোন কোনসময় tense অনুযায়ী “be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Verb-এর past
participle+?
Example:
Who is writing the poem? (Active)
By whom is the poem being written? (Passive)
c.
“Whom”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Whom
এর
পরিবর্তে Who+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary
verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+?
Example:
Whom did you recommend? (Active)
Who was recommended by you? (Passive)
d. “What”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর
ক্ষেত্রে-
What+
Tense এবং
person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+? (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়) ।
Example:
What is he doing? (Active)
What is being done by him? (Passive)
What does he need? (Active)
What is needed by him? (Passive)
□→Rule 6:
Active
sentence যার নিম্নরূপ কাঠামো:
Subject
+ verb + object +present participle-একে নিম্নরূপে passive করা হয়:
Object-এর subject+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary
verb + Verb-এর past participle+ present
participle-যুক্ত অংশ+ by + subject-এর object।
Example:
I saw him performing the dance. (Active)
He was seen performing the dance by me. (Passive)
□→Rule 7:
Active
voice-এর
double object থাকলে Passive voice-এর কাঠামো:
দুটি object-এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল) +Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb +Verb-এর past participle+ অন্য object+ by+ active voice-এর subject-টি object
হিসেবে
লেখা হয়।
Example:
I gave her a dress. (Active)
She was given a dress by me. (Passive)
□→Rule 8:
Complex
এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice
পরিবর্তন
করা হয়।
Example:
I know that he sang the song. (Active)
It is known to me that the song was sung by him. (Passive)
Note:
Active
voice যদি
“People say” দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তবে একে passive
করতে
হলে, এর শুরুতে “It is said that” ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
People say that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Active)
It is said that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Passive)
□→Rule 9:
সাধারণত: intransitive
verb-এর
passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি intransitive verb-এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে একটি group verb তৈরী করে এবং এটি intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়,
তবে passive রূপের structure
হবে-
Object
হবে subject+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ প্রদত্ত preposition+ by+ subject-এর object।
Example:
The boy took care of the parrots. (Active)
The parrots were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)
□→Rule 10:
Active
voice-এ
Reflexive objective যেমন: myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves,
ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি থাকলে Passive-এর কাঠামো-
Active
voice-এর
একই subject passive form-এ ও+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ by+ reflexive object।
Example:
He mocked himself. (Active)
He was mocked by himself. (Passive)
□→Rule 11:
Factitive object/ Complementary object-যুক্ত
active
voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি কোন বাক্যে transitive verb যেমন: call,
make, name, nominate, elect, select, প্রভৃতি থাকে কিন্তু একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে
একটি অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে এই অতিরিক্ত objectটিকে Factitive object/ Complementary object বলে।
Him,
her, me, us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active
রূপে
নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense and person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject-এর object.
Example:
They made me a moderator. (Active)
I was made a moderator by them. (Passive)
□→Rule 12:
Cognate object-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-
Cognate
object: কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী object ব্যবহার করে transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate
object বলে।
Object-টি subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary
verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ Subject-এর object.
Example:
He wrote a poem. (Active)
A poem was written by him. (Passive)
□→Rule
13:
Infinitive-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
Active
voice-এর
subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ infinitive-এর পরের object
(যদি
থাকে) + to be + infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past
participle
Example:
He wants you to give a speech. (Active)
He wants a speech to be given. (Passive)
□→Rule
14:
Gerund
combinations যেমন: suggest/recommend/advise/propose+
gerund+ object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
Active
voice-এর
subject+ মূল verb+ that+ gerund-এর পরের object+ should be+ gerund-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.
Example:
He proposed watching the movie. (Active)
He proposed that the movie should be watched. (Passive)
□→Rule 15:
Determine/arrange/be
determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.+ infinitive + object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো:
Active
voice-এর
subject+ মূল verb+ that+ infinitive -এর পরের object+ should be+ infinitive-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.
Example:
He decided to prepare the proposal. (Active)
He decided that the proposal should be prepared. (Passive)
□→Rule
16:
One+
should-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-
Object-এর subject+ should be+ Verb-এর past participle.
Example:
One
should perform one’s prayers. (Active)
Prayers
should be performed. (Passive)
Exercises:
Change Active Voice into Passive Voice
1. Change the voice.
2. His performance satisfied
the teacher.
3. Dr. Fuad discovered
something strange.
4. He wants me to do the work.
5. One should take care of
one’s health.
6. We must maintain
cleanliness.
7. We call him a fool.
8. Did you buy the camera?
9. Who has broken the glass?
10. What have you brought
from market?
11. Let him solve the
problem.
12. We can do nothing
without labor.
13. Our teachers are going
to establish a moral shop.
14. I saw a man standing on
the road.
15. We know what he thinks.
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