Passive
Voice to Active Voice
Voice-কে passive থেকে active করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:
Class VIII_XII
English 2nd Paper
MD ERSHAD ALAM
Asst Teacher, English
v Rule 1:
a) Passive voice-এর object active voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
b) Passive voice-এর subject Active voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
c) Subject এবং tense অনুসারে main verb বা এর past/ future রূপ ব্যবহার করা হয় verb-এর past participle-এর পরিবর্তে; auxiliary verb/ be verb এবং by
উঠিয়ে দেয়া হয়।
Example:
Designs are prepared by me. (Passive)
I prepare designs. (Active)
v Rule 2:
⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:
a) Present- Subject-এর object+ am/is/are বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Subject’s object+ am/is/are is removed+ Main verb instead of past
participle according to subject+ by is removed+ Object’s subject
Example:
I am supported by her. (Passive)
She supports me. (Active)
She is supported by me. (Passive)
I support her. (Active)
b) Past- Subject-এর object+
was/were বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর past
form + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
I was supported by her. (Passive)
She supported me. (Active)
They were supported by her. (Passive)
She supported them. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর object+
shall/will+ be বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
I shall be assisted by her. (Passive)
She will assist me. (Active)
He will be assisted by her. (Passive)
She will assist him. (Active)
⇒ Continuous tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active
voice-এর structure:
a) Present- Subject-এর object+
am/is/are+ being বাদ+ মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
I am being supported by her. (Passive)
She is supporting me. (Active)
He is being supported by her. (Passive)
She is supporting him. (Active)
They are being supported by her. (Passive)
She is supporting them. (Active)
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b) Past- Subject-এর object+
was/were+ being বাদ + মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
I was being supported by her. (Passive)
She was supporting me. (Active)
They were being supported by her. (Passive)
She was supporting them. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর object+
shall/will + being বাদ+ মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
I shall be being supported by her. (Passive)
She will be supporting me. (Active)
They will be being supported by her. (Passive)
She will be supporting them. (Active)
⇒ Perfect tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active
voice-এর structure:
c) Present- Subject-এর object+
has/have+ been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
He has been supported by her. (Passive)
She has supported him. (Active)
I have been supported by her. (Passive)
She has supported me. (Active)
b) Past- Subject-এর object+
had+ been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Subject’s object+ had+
been is removed+ Verb’s past participle+ by is removed+ Object’s subject
Example:
I had been supported by her. (Passive)
She had supported me. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর object+
shall have /will have + been বাদ+ Verb-এর past
participle+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
I shall have been supported by her. (Passive)
She will have supported me. (Active)
He will have been supported by her. (Passive)
She will have supported him. (Active)
v Rule 3:
May/might/can/could/
must/ought to/going to + be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ object-যুক্ত
Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:
Subject-এর object+
may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be বাদ+ past
participle-এর পরিবর্তে মূল verb+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject
Example:
You may be assisted by her. (Passive)
She may assist you. (Active)
The song must be sung by you. (Passive)
You must sing the song. (Active)
A picnic is going to be arranged by us. (Passive)
We are going to arrange a picnic. (Active)
v Rule 4:
Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Active
voice-এর structure:
a) Let+ Object’s
subject + be+ verb’s past participle-এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে+ Object-এর subject
Example:
Let the design be prepared. (Passive)
Prepare the design. (Active)
b) Let not + Object’s
subject + be+ verb’s past participle- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Sentence “Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হবে+ মূল verb+
Object-এর subject
Example:
Let not the math be done. (Passive)
Do not do the math. (Active)
c) Let+ Object’s
subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them)
- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Let+ Personal object+ মূল verb+
Object-এর subject
Example:
Let the poem be written by me. (Passive)
Let me write the poem. (Active)
Let the poem be written by him. (Passive)
Let him write the poem. (Active)
d) Let not + Object’s
subject + ever be + verb’s past participle- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Never দিয়ে Sentence
শুরু হবে+ মূল verb+ Object-এর subject
Example:
Let not anyone ever be (Passive)
Never mistreat anyone. (Active)
e) Let+ direct object +
be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে+
personal object+ direct object
Example:
Let an eraser be given for (Passive)
Give me an eraser. (Active)
v Rule 5:
Interrogative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Active
voice-এর structure:
a) Sentence-এর শুরুতে
auxiliary verb + Object’s subject+…. ……..+ by+ subject’s object+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (Tense অনুযায়ী করা)-এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Example:
Has the assignment been prepared by you? (Passive)
Have you prepared the assignment? (Active)
b) By whom + Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + object’s subject+ কখনও কখনও
tense অনুযায়ী “be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয় +
Verb’s past participle+? -এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Who দিয়ে sentence শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী Verb-এর রূপ + subject’s object.
Example:
By whom is the proposal being prepared? (Passive)
Who is preparing the proposal? (Active)
c) Who+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? -এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Whom দিয়ে sentence
শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+?
Example:
Who was recommended by you? (Passive)
Whom did you recommend? (Active)
d) What+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? (Tense অনুযায়ী করা)- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
What দিয়ে sentence
শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + subject’s object+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+?
Example:
What has been done by you? (Passive)
What have you done? (Active)
v
Rule 6:
Object’s subject+ Tense
এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ present participle-যুক্ত একটি অংশ + by +
subject’s object - এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-
Example:
He was seen singing the song by me. (Passive)
I saw him singing the song. (Active)
v Rule 7:
Double object এবং এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
দুইটির মধ্যে যেকোন একটি object-কে subject হিসেবে ধরা হয় (সাধারণতঃ personal
object-টি) + Verb’s past participle+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb+ অন্য object+ by+ Subject’s object- active form হবে নিম্নরূপঃ
Subject’s object+ Tense
এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ personal object+ অন্য object.
Example:
She was given a book by me. (Passive)
I gave her a book. (Active)
v
Rule 8:
“It is known to me”
structure-যুক্ত passive voice-কে
এই রূপে active করা হয়…..”I
know that…”( Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী করা হয়)
Example:
It is known to me that the speech was given by him. (Passive)
I know that he gave the speech.
(Active)
দ্রষ্টব্য:
যদি passive voice-টি “It is said that” দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে একে active রূপে নিতে শুরুতে
“People say” ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example:
It is said that Bangladesh is the land of rivers. (Passive)
People say that Bangladesh is the land of rivers. (Active)
v Rule 9:
সাধারণতঃ intransitive verb-এর passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি
intransitive verb-এর পরে preposition যোগ করে একটি
group verb তৈরী হয় এবং এটা intransitive verb-এর মত ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে passive রূপের কাঠামো হবে-
একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়-
Object হবে subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ preposition+ subject হবে object.
Example:
The cats were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)
The boy took care of the cats. (Active)
v Rule 10:
নিম্নোক্ত কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে active voice-এর কাঠামো-
Subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী
auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ the reflexive object (myself,
yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি):
Subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর রূপ+ the
reflexive object
Example:
He was hurt by himself. (Passive)
He hurt himself. (Active)
v
Rule 11:
নিম্নোক্ত কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে active voice-এর কাঠামো-
Subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ factitive object+ by+
subject’s object:
Him, her, me, us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active রূপে নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ subject’s object+
factitive object.
Example:
I was made the leader by them. (Passive)
They made me the leader. (Active)
দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি একটি বাক্যে একটি transitive verb যেমনঃ call, make, name,
nominate, elect, select, প্রভৃতি থাকা সত্ত্বেও একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে না পারে এবং একটি অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহার করে পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করা হয় তবে এই অতিরিক্ত object-টিকে Factitive object/ Complementary object বলে।
v Rule 12:
Cognate object এবং এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ Subject’s object-একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হবে-
Object হবে subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর রূপ+ Cognate object.
Cognate object:
কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী object ব্যবহার করে এবং
transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।
Example:
A pizza was made by him. (Passive)
He made a pizza. (Active)
v
Rule 13:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ মূল verb+
object + to be + verb-এর past participle-একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হবে:
Passive voice-এর subject+
Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ second person+ infinitive+ object.
Example:
He wants a song to be sung. (Passive)
He wants you to sing a song. (Active)
v
Rule 14:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ main verb
(suggest/recommend/advise/propose) + that+ the object + should be+ verb’s past
participle-কে এভাবে active রূপে নেয়া হবে:
Passive voice’s
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb + gerund+ object.
Example:
He proposed that the song should be listened to. (Passive)
He proposed listening to the song. (Active)
v
Rule 15:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
subject+ main verb
(determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, প্রভৃতি) + that+
the object + should be+ verb’s past participle-একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়:
Passive voice’s
subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb + infinitive+ object.
Example:
He decided that the speech should be given. (Passive)
He decided to give the speech. (Active)
v
Rule 16:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive
voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Object’s subject+
should be+ Verb’s past participle-একে এইরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়:
One+ should+ মূল verb+
object
Example:
The duty should be performed. (Passive)
One should perform the duty. (Active)
Change the Passive Voice into Active
Voice
You are asked
to tell the servant to prepare tea.
The teacher
was listened to by the students.
Computer was not invented over
night.
A charitable dispensary is
going to be opened by our Councilor.
What has been seen by you?
By whom are you being taught?
Flowers are used on different
occasions.
His wealth was not misused by
him.
He was killed by himself.
Mr. Khan decided that his
house should be sold.
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